India is a land of diverse geographical features, and its rivers, lakes, and waterfalls play a crucial role in shaping the country’s natural beauty, agriculture, culture, and economy.
From the mighty Ganga in the north to the serene Vembanad Lake in the south, and from the thunderous Dudhsagar Falls to the elegant Dal Lake, these water bodies are not only vital for life and livelihood but are also frequently featured in competitive exams and general knowledge sections.
This article presents a comprehensive list of the major rivers, important lakes, and well-known waterfalls across India.
Major Rivers in India
| River | Origin | Flows Through | Ends In |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ganga | Gangotri Glacier, Uttarakhand | UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, WB | Bay of Bengal |
| Yamuna | Yamunotri Glacier, Uttarakhand | Himachal, UP, Delhi, Haryana | Ganga (at Allahabad) |
| Brahmaputra | Angsi Glacier, Tibet | Arunachal, Assam | Bay of Bengal |
| Indus | Tibet (China) | Ladakh, Pakistan | Arabian Sea |
| Godavari | Trimbak Plateau, Maharashtra | MP, Odisha, Telangana, AP | Bay of Bengal |
| Krishna | Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra | Karnataka, Telangana, AP | Bay of Bengal |
| Cauvery | Talakaveri, Karnataka | Tamil Nadu | Bay of Bengal |
| Narmada | Amarkantak, MP | MP, Gujarat | Arabian Sea |
| Tapi | Satpura, MP | MP, Maharashtra, Gujarat | Arabian Sea |
| Mahanadi | Chhattisgarh | Odisha | Bay of Bengal |
| Sutlej | Rakshastal Lake, Tibet | Punjab (via Himachal) | Indus River |
| Beas | Himachal Pradesh | Punjab | Sutlej River |
More Rivers (Tributaries & Region-Specific):
| River | Notes |
|---|---|
| Ghaghara | Tributary of Ganga (from Nepal) |
| Kosi | Known as “Sorrow of Bihar” |
| Betwa | Flows through MP, UP |
| Chambal | Tributary of Yamuna |
| Gandak | From Nepal to Bihar |
| Sabarmati | Gujarat |
| Periyar | Kerala’s longest river |
| Teesta | Sikkim and WB |
| Damodar | “Sorrow of Bengal” |
Major Lakes in India
| Lake Name | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Wular Lake | Jammu & Kashmir | Freshwater (largest in India) |
| Dal Lake | Jammu & Kashmir | Freshwater |
| Chilika Lake | Odisha | Brackish (largest lagoon) |
| Vembanad Lake | Kerala | Brackish |
| Loktak Lake | Manipur | Freshwater (has floating islands/phumdis) |
| Sambhar Lake | Rajasthan | Saltwater |
| Pulicat Lake | Andhra Pradesh/TN | Brackish |
| Naini Lake | Uttarakhand | Freshwater (hill lake) |
| Pangong Lake | Ladakh | Saltwater (partially in China) |
| Tso Moriri Lake | Ladakh | High-altitude freshwater |
Other Notable Lakes:
| Lake | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Surinsar Lake | J&K | Freshwater |
| Bhimtal | Uttarakhand | Freshwater |
| Tsomgo (Changu) | Sikkim | Glacial |
| Ashtamudi Lake | Kerala | Brackish |
| Kanwar Lake | Bihar | Oxbow lake |
Famous Waterfalls in India
| Waterfall Name | Location | River / Feature | Special Fact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jog Falls | Karnataka | Sharavathi River | Second-highest plunge in India |
| Dudhsagar Falls | Goa-Karnataka Border | Mandovi River | Appears like flowing milk |
| Athirappilly Falls | Kerala | Chalakudy River | “Niagara of India” |
| Shivanasamudra Falls | Karnataka | Cauvery River | First hydro-electric project in India |
| Bhimlat Falls | Rajasthan | Chambal River | Oasis in desert |
| Hundru Falls | Jharkhand | Subarnarekha River | Famous picnic spot |
| Chitrakote Falls | Chhattisgarh | Indravati River | Largest waterfall in India by width |
| Nohkalikai Falls | Meghalaya | Rainwater-fed | Tallest plunge waterfall in India |
| Kempty Falls | Uttarakhand | Mussoorie | Tourist favorite |
| Barehipani Falls | Odisha | Budhabalanga River | Two-tiered waterfall |
Additional Waterfalls to Include:
| Waterfall | Location | Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Hogenakkal Falls | TN (Cauvery River) | “Niagara of South India” |
| Sita Falls | Jharkhand | Picnic spot |
| Magod Falls | Karnataka | Western Ghats |
| Meenmutty Falls | Kerala | 3-tier waterfall |
| Patalpani Falls | MP | Monsoon-fed |
| Dhuandhar Falls | MP (Jabalpur) | Narmada River |
Highlights
- Major Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Krishna, etc.
- Important Lakes: Wular, Dal, Chilika, Vembanad, Sambhar, Loktak, Pangong, etc.
- Famous Waterfalls: Jog, Dudhsagar, Athirappilly, Chitrakote, Nohkalikai, Shivanasamudra, etc.
Quick Static GK Facts
- Longest river in India (within India): Ganga
- Largest lake (freshwater): Wular Lake
- Largest lake (brackish water): Chilika Lake
- Tallest waterfall in India: Nohkalikai Falls (Meghalaya, 340 m)
- River with the largest basin in India: Ganga
- Only river that flows west in Rajasthan: Luni
- River forming estuary: Narmada & Tapi
- Longest river in southern India: Godavari
- Largest man-made lake: Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)
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